Cervical Cancer: Where Should You Start?

Cervical cancer is one of the few types of cancer that can be prevented and detected early through regular screening.

Even so, many women are unsure when to begin screening, which tests are recommended, or which specialist to consult.

Getting informed is the first step toward protecting your health.

What is cervical cancer?

Cervical cancer develops in the cervix, the lower part of the uterus that connects to the vagina.

In most cases, it is associated with persistent infection with Human Papillomavirus (HPV), a very common virus transmitted through sexual contact.

Most HPV infections clear naturally. However, some infections can cause changes in the cells of the cervix, which over time may develop into cancer if not detected early.

That is why early detection is essential.

How is cervical cancer detected?

There are two main tests that help identify cell changes before they become cancerous.

Pap Smear (Pap Test)

This is a simple test in which cells are collected from the cervix and analyzed in a laboratory.

It allows doctors to detect early cellular changes that are not cancer yet, but can be treated before they progress.

HPV Test

This test detects the presence of types of Human Papillomavirus associated with a higher risk of cervical cancer.

In many cases, both tests are used together for a more comprehensive screening.

When should I start screening?

Recommendations may vary depending on medical history, but generally:

• Women should begin screening at age 21 or after becoming sexually active.
• Between ages 21 and 29, a Pap smear is usually recommended every three years if results are normal.
• Starting at age 30, the Pap smear may be combined with an HPV test to improve detection.

A healthcare provider will determine the best screening schedule for each individual.

Which specialist should you see?

The specialist responsible for the prevention, diagnosis, and follow-up of cervical cancer is a gynecologist.

During a gynecological consultation, the doctor may perform:

• A clinical exam
• Pap smear collection
• HPV testing
• Evaluation of symptoms or risk factors
• Guidance on HPV vaccination

The consultation is also an opportunity to discuss sexual and reproductive health questions.

Warning signs that should prompt evaluation

In its early stages, cervical cancer often does not cause symptoms. This is why preventive screening is so important.

However, some symptoms should be evaluated by a healthcare professional, including:

• Vaginal bleeding outside the menstrual period
• Bleeding after sexual intercourse
• Persistent vaginal discharge with unusual odor or appearance
• Ongoing pelvic pain

These symptoms do not always mean cancer, but they do require medical evaluation.

Can cervical cancer be prevented?

Yes.

Prevention is based on three key pillars:

HPV Vaccination

Protects against the types of HPV most commonly linked to cervical cancer.

Early Detection

Through routine screening tests such as Pap smear and HPV testing.

Timely Treatment of Precancerous Lesions

Cell changes detected early can be treated before they progress.

Prevention begins with information

Cervical cancer is preventable and treatable when detected early. Regular screening allows doctors to identify cellular changes before they become a serious problem.

Often, the hardest step is simply knowing where to start.

The answer is simple: schedule a gynecological check-up.

At Costamed, our gynecology specialists support women in the prevention, detection, and comprehensive care of their health.

Taking care of yourself also means staying informed and keeping up with regular check-ups.

Costamed — always near you. 🩺