The Female Body. Chapter 2. Amenorrhea: Beyond Pregnancy – Understanding Causes and the Menstrual Cycle

Have you ever missed your period and immediately thought, "I'm pregnant!"? While that's a significant indicator, it isn't the only reason you might be experiencing amenorrhea, the absence of menstrual bleeding. In this article, we'll explore the possible causes of amenorrhea, what's normal and what isn't, and how a regular menstrual cycle functions. Plus, we'll provide some tips for managing irregular cycles.

What is Amenorrhea?

Amenorrhea is the absence of menstruation for one or more menstrual cycles. It can be primary (when a person has never had a period) or secondary (when a person who has had regular periods stops menstruating). And no, it doesn't always mean there's a baby on the way.

Common Causes of Amenorrhea

1. Stress: Yes, stress can wreak havoc on your menstrual cycle. From work problems to personal worries, stress can cause hormonal imbalances.
2. Excessive Exercise: Training for a marathon or intense workouts can interrupt your menstrual cycle.
3. Low Body Weight: Extremely low body weight can lead to the absence of periods.
4. Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS): A condition that causes hormonal imbalances, which can result in amenorrhea.
5. Thyroid Problems: Both hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism can affect your menstrual cycle.

Understanding the Menstrual Cycle

A typical menstrual cycle lasts between 21 and 35 days, starting from the first day of one period to the first day of the next. Here's a simple breakdown of what happens during a regular cycle:

1. Menstrual Phase: Your body sheds the uterine lining, which lasts 3 to 7 days. Hello, pads and tampons.
2. Follicular Phase: Follicles in the ovaries begin to mature, and the uterine lining thickens.  This occurs from day 1 to around day 14.
3. Ovulation: Around day 14, an egg is released from the ovary.
4. Luteal Phase: After ovulation, if there's no fertilization, the egg disintegrates, and the uterine lining starts breaking down for the next period.

What is Normal and What is Not?

• Regular Cycles: Between 21 and 35 days is considered normal.
• Slight Variations: It's normal for the cycle to vary by a few days each month.
• Irregular Cycles: If your periods are extremely unpredictable or you don't menstruate for several months, it's time to pay attention.

Managing Irregular Cycles

Here are some tips to better track your cycles and spot any irregularities:

• Keep a Record: Use a menstrual tracking app or calendar to note your periods.
• Observe Symptoms: Note any symptoms like cramps, mood changes, or cravings.
• Maintain a Balanced Diet: Good nutrition can help regulate your hormones.
• Consult a Professional: If you notice consistent irregularities or have any concerns, don't hesitate to seek medical advice.

Amenorrhea and irregular menstrual cycles can be concerning, but understanding the causes and knowing your cycle can help you manage them better. Remember, while there are many normal reasons for missing a period, it's important to pay attention to your body and seek medical advice when necessary. So, if you're experiencing something unusual, schedule an appointment with me for a comprehensive check-up!