spinner Costamed

Hypertension: the silent condition you need to watch

Most people imagine that a serious illness “shows itself.” That it hurts, gives warnings, or sends clear signals.

High blood pressure completely breaks that idea.

In most cases, it causes no obvious symptoms. It doesn’t hurt. It doesn’t bother you. It doesn’t immediately interfere with daily life. And precisely for that reason, it can progress for years without being detected, causing silent damage to vital organs such as the heart, brain, kidneys, and blood vessels.

Hypertension is one of the most common chronic diseases worldwide—and also one of the most underdiagnosed. Understanding how blood pressure behaves, how it is classified today, and why regular measurement is so important allows us to act in time and prevent serious complications.

 

What Is Hypertension?

Blood pressure is the force with which blood flows through the arteries. It is measured using two values:

  • Systolic blood pressure (SBP): when the heart contracts
  • Diastolic blood pressure (DBP): when the heart relaxes

According to the most recent American Heart Association (AHA) guidelines, blood pressure is classified as follows:

  • Normal blood pressure: SBP < 120 mmHg and DBP < 80 mmHg
  • Elevated blood pressure: SBP 120–129 mmHg and DBP < 80 mmHg
  • Hypertension, Stage 1: SBP 130–139 mmHg or DBP 80–89 mmHg
  • Hypertension, Stage 2: SBP ≥ 140 mmHg or DBP ≥ 90 mmHg

This means that values once considered “borderline” or “not that high” are now recognized as hypertension.

The goal of this update is to detect the problem earlier—when long-term damage can still be prevented.

The issue is not a single high reading, but persistently elevated levels over time.

 

Why Hypertension Is Rarely “Felt”

Unlike other conditions, hypertension does not cause direct pain. The body gradually adapts to higher pressure, allowing damage to progress without clear symptoms.

When symptoms do appear, the damage is often already advanced.

Some people may experience:

  • Occasional headaches
  • Dizziness
  • A feeling of pressure in the head
  • Palpitations

However, these symptoms are not reliable indicators of hypertension. Most people with elevated blood pressure feel completely normal—even in early stages such as elevated blood pressure or Stage 1 hypertension.

That’s why the only real way to know your blood pressure is to measure it.

 

Why Hypertension Is Dangerous

High blood pressure puts constant strain on blood vessels and organs. Over time, this can lead to:

  • Heart attack
  • Stroke
  • Heart failure
  • Chronic kidney disease
  • Vision damage
  • Peripheral vascular disease

These complications can begin even in early stages, when blood pressure is already above normal but symptoms are still absent.

That’s why hypertension is often called “the silent killer.”

 

Who Is at Higher Risk for Hypertension?

Hypertension doesn’t discriminate, but certain factors increase the risk:

  • Family history
  • Age over 40
  • Overweight or obesity
  • Sedentary lifestyle
  • High salt intake
  • Chronic stress
  • Smoking
  • Excessive alcohol consumption
  • Diabetes or high cholesterol

It can also affect younger, seemingly healthy individuals—reinforcing the importance of checking blood pressure even when you feel well.

 

Indirect Warning Signs (Though They Don’t Always Appear)

Although hypertension is usually silent, some signs may warrant medical evaluation:

  • Frequent headaches without a clear cause
  • Persistent fatigue
  • Recurrent dizziness
  • Occasional blurred vision
  • Ringing in the ears
  • Shortness of breath with exertion

These signs do not confirm hypertension, but they do justify further assessment.

 

How an Internist Evaluates Hypertension

In internal medicine, hypertension is not assessed based on a single reading.

The physician evaluates:

  • Repeated blood pressure measurements
  • Timing and conditions of measurements
  • Complete medical history
  • Risk factors
  • Possible target-organ damage
  • Lifestyle habits

In some cases, additional tests may be ordered, such as:

  • Blood tests
  • Kidney function studies
  • Electrocardiogram
  • Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring

The goal is not only to classify blood pressure, but to understand its real impact on the body and act early.

 

Why Regular Blood Pressure Monitoring Is Essential

Waiting to “feel bad” before checking your blood pressure is one of the most common mistakes. Hypertension is detected when it’s looked for—not when it announces itself.

Regular monitoring allows you to:

  • Detect elevated blood pressure early
  • Start lifestyle changes in time
  • Prevent progression to more advanced stages
  • Reduce cardiovascular risk
  • Track how your body responds

Checking your blood pressure is not a sign of illness—it’s a preventive tool.

 

How Often Should You Check Your Blood Pressure?

In general:

  • Healthy adults: at least once a year
  • People with elevated blood pressure or risk factors: more frequently
  • People diagnosed with hypertension: as directed by their physician

An internist will determine the appropriate schedule for each individual.

 

Treatment: More Than Just Medication

Hypertension management is comprehensive and depends on the stage and the patient’s profile. It may include:

  • Dietary changes
  • Reduced salt intake
  • Regular physical activity
  • Weight management
  • Stress management
  • Antihypertensive medication when indicated

In early stages—such as elevated blood pressure or Stage 1 hypertension—lifestyle changes can make a significant difference.

 

Prevention: The Best Treatment

Many cases of hypertension can be prevented or kept under control with consistent measures:

  • Balanced nutrition
  • Adequate hydration
  • Restorative sleep
  • Regular physical activity
  • Avoiding tobacco
  • Moderating alcohol intake
  • Not normalizing constant stress

Small, sustained changes have a direct impact on cardiovascular health.

 

Listening to Your Body—Even When It Seems Silent

Hypertension rarely sends clear warnings, but the damage it can cause is real and cumulative. Today we know that acting at lower thresholds protects organs and prevents serious events.

Measuring your blood pressure regularly isn’t overreacting—it’s smart prevention. Detecting it early allows intervention before damage becomes irreversible.

If it’s been a while since you last checked your blood pressure, or if you have risk factors, seeing a physician in Internal Medicine or Cardiology is a responsible step toward your well-being.

Caring for your health begins with staying informed, measuring regularly, and acting on time.

Like it? Share it!